//! Raw frame encoder with Zstd compression //! //! Best for LAN connections where bandwidth is plentiful and latency is critical. //! Compresses BGRA pixel data using Zstd for fast compression/decompression. use super::{EncodedFrame, Encoder}; use crate::capture::{CapturedFrame, DirtyRect}; use crate::proto::{video_frame, DirtyRect as ProtoDirtyRect, RawFrame, VideoFrame}; use anyhow::Result; /// Raw frame encoder with Zstd compression pub struct RawEncoder { /// Compression level (1-22, default 3 for speed) compression_level: i32, /// Previous frame for delta detection previous_frame: Option>, /// Force keyframe on next encode force_keyframe: bool, /// Frame counter sequence: u32, } impl RawEncoder { /// Create a new raw encoder /// /// Quality 1-100 maps to Zstd compression level: /// - Low quality (1-33): Level 1-3 (fastest) /// - Medium quality (34-66): Level 4-9 /// - High quality (67-100): Level 10-15 (best compression) pub fn new(quality: u32) -> Result { let compression_level = Self::quality_to_level(quality); Ok(Self { compression_level, previous_frame: None, force_keyframe: true, // Start with keyframe sequence: 0, }) } /// Convert quality (1-100) to Zstd compression level fn quality_to_level(quality: u32) -> i32 { // Lower quality = faster compression (level 1-3) // Higher quality = better compression (level 10-15) // We optimize for speed, so cap at 6 match quality { 0..=33 => 1, 34..=50 => 2, 51..=66 => 3, 67..=80 => 4, 81..=90 => 5, _ => 6, } } /// Compress data using Zstd fn compress(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Result> { let compressed = zstd::encode_all(data, self.compression_level)?; Ok(compressed) } /// Detect dirty rectangles by comparing with previous frame fn detect_dirty_rects( &self, current: &[u8], previous: &[u8], width: u32, height: u32, ) -> Vec { // Simple block-based dirty detection // Divide screen into 64x64 blocks and check which changed const BLOCK_SIZE: u32 = 64; let mut dirty_rects = Vec::new(); let stride = (width * 4) as usize; let blocks_x = (width + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE; let blocks_y = (height + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE; for by in 0..blocks_y { for bx in 0..blocks_x { let x = bx * BLOCK_SIZE; let y = by * BLOCK_SIZE; let block_w = (BLOCK_SIZE).min(width - x); let block_h = (BLOCK_SIZE).min(height - y); // Check if this block changed let mut changed = false; 'block_check: for row in 0..block_h { let row_start = ((y + row) as usize * stride) + (x as usize * 4); let row_end = row_start + (block_w as usize * 4); if row_end <= current.len() && row_end <= previous.len() { if current[row_start..row_end] != previous[row_start..row_end] { changed = true; break 'block_check; } } else { changed = true; break 'block_check; } } if changed { dirty_rects.push(DirtyRect { x, y, width: block_w, height: block_h, }); } } } // Merge adjacent dirty rects (simple optimization) // TODO: Implement proper rectangle merging dirty_rects } /// Extract pixels for dirty rectangles only fn extract_dirty_pixels( &self, data: &[u8], width: u32, dirty_rects: &[DirtyRect], ) -> Vec { let stride = (width * 4) as usize; let mut pixels = Vec::new(); for rect in dirty_rects { for row in 0..rect.height { let row_start = ((rect.y + row) as usize * stride) + (rect.x as usize * 4); let row_end = row_start + (rect.width as usize * 4); if row_end <= data.len() { pixels.extend_from_slice(&data[row_start..row_end]); } } } pixels } } impl Encoder for RawEncoder { fn encode(&mut self, frame: &CapturedFrame) -> Result { self.sequence = self.sequence.wrapping_add(1); let is_keyframe = self.force_keyframe || self.previous_frame.is_none(); self.force_keyframe = false; let (data_to_compress, dirty_rects, full_frame) = if is_keyframe { // Keyframe: send full frame (frame.data.clone(), Vec::new(), true) } else if let Some(ref previous) = self.previous_frame { // Delta frame: detect and send only changed regions let dirty_rects = self.detect_dirty_rects(&frame.data, previous, frame.width, frame.height); if dirty_rects.is_empty() { // No changes, skip frame return Ok(EncodedFrame { frame: VideoFrame::default(), size: 0, is_keyframe: false, }); } // If too many dirty rects, just send full frame if dirty_rects.len() > 50 { (frame.data.clone(), Vec::new(), true) } else { let dirty_pixels = self.extract_dirty_pixels(&frame.data, frame.width, &dirty_rects); (dirty_pixels, dirty_rects, false) } } else { (frame.data.clone(), Vec::new(), true) }; // Compress the data let compressed = self.compress(&data_to_compress)?; let size = compressed.len(); // Build protobuf message let proto_dirty_rects: Vec = dirty_rects .iter() .map(|r| ProtoDirtyRect { x: r.x as i32, y: r.y as i32, width: r.width as i32, height: r.height as i32, }) .collect(); let raw_frame = RawFrame { width: frame.width as i32, height: frame.height as i32, data: compressed, compressed: true, dirty_rects: proto_dirty_rects, is_keyframe: full_frame, }; let video_frame = VideoFrame { timestamp: frame.timestamp.elapsed().as_millis() as i64, display_id: frame.display_id as i32, sequence: self.sequence as i32, encoding: Some(video_frame::Encoding::Raw(raw_frame)), }; // Save current frame for next comparison self.previous_frame = Some(frame.data.clone()); Ok(EncodedFrame { frame: video_frame, size, is_keyframe: full_frame, }) } fn request_keyframe(&mut self) { self.force_keyframe = true; } fn name(&self) -> &str { "raw+zstd" } }